1. A cell is known to respond to a particular signaling molecule. Which of the following must be true of this cell?
A. It is
in the heart muscle
B. It is also the site of production for the signaling molecule
C. It contains the receptor for the
signaling molecule
D. It is incapable of signal transduction
2. SH2 domains specifically bind to
A.
phosphorylated serine residues
B. phosphorylated tyrosine residues
C. GDP
D. Ca2+
3. In paracrine signaling, the signaling molecules affects only
A. target cells close to the cell
from which it was secreted
B. target
cells distant from its site of synthesis in cells of an endocrine organ
C. both (a) and (b)
D. none of the above
4. Simple nerve reflexes use signaling molecules called
A. neurotransmitters
B. nitric
oxides
C. G proteins
D. proteases
5. Which of the following is not a type of signaling molecule?
A.
Testosterone
B. Insulin
C. Thyroxin
D. Adenylate cyclase
6. Self-phosphorylation is an excellent mechanism for triggering specific catalytic function of the proteins involved in signal cascades because it
A. changes the shape and thus the
enzymatic activity of the proteins involved
B. makes
the receptor more likely to capture the signaling, molecule
C. allows hydrophilic signaling molecules to cross the plasma membrane
D. None of the above
7. Which of the following statements about G proteins is false?
A. They
are involved in signal cascades
B. They bind to and are regulated by guanine nucleotides
C. They become activated when bound to
GDP
D. They must be active before the cell can make needed cAMP
8. When a __________ reaches its __________ , there is a specific means of receiving it and acting on the message. This task is the responsibility of specialized proteins called __________ .
A.
signaling molecule; receptor; G proteins
B. signaling molecule; target cell; G proteins
C. signaling molecule; target cell;
receptors
D. kinase; receptor; proteases
9. Why is it that inhaling nitric oxide reduces blood pressure only in the lung tissue and not elsewhere in the body*?
A.
Because other body tissues use a different signaling molecule
B. Because nitric oxide cannot cross cell membranes and enter the blood
C. Because nitric oxide breaks down
quickly and thus cannot travel far
D. None of the above
10. Which of the following comes under the category of cell surface receptor?
A. Enzyme
linked receptors
B. Ion-channel linked receptors
C. G protein linked receptors
D. All of these
11. Which of the following is true about a hydrophilic signaling molecule?
A. Its
receptor is located in the cytosol of the target cell
B. It might trigger a signal cascade
that causes some effect in a cell
C. Since it can enter the cell, it directly affects some specific cell
process
D. It is a steroid
12. cAMP and cGMP are derived from
A. ATP and GTP by the actions of
adenylate cyclase and guanylate cyclase respectively
B. GTP
and ATP by the actions of adenylate cyclase and guanylate cyclase respectively
C. ATP and GTP by the actions of guanylate cyclase and adenylate cyclase
respectively
D. none of the above
13. Nitroglycerin has long been administered to human patients suffering from chronic chest pain (angina). This medication works because it
A. mimics
the action of signal receptors
B. is broken down into hormones that affect the heart
C. interferes with chemical cascades that trigger contraction of heart muscle
D. breaks down into nitric oxide, which
increases blood flow to the heart
14. If a disease of the blood vessels caused the endothelial cells of the vessel to die, what effect would that have on the cellular activities associated with vasodilation?
A. Nitric
oxide would no longer be produced
B. Smooth muscle cells could not be made to relax
C. It would be more difficult to increase blood flow and reduce blood pressure
D. All of the above
15. In terms of cell communication, what do bacterial pathogens such as cholera and anthrax have in common?
A. They
destroy the receptors for key signaling molecules
B. They prevent the production of key signaling molecules
C. They alter the chemical structure of key signaling molecules
D. They block the normal functioning of
signal transduction mechanisms
16. What is the name of the protein signaling molecule that alters glucose uptake, and where would its receptors be located?
A. Insulin; many different cell
types that use glucose for fuel
B.
Insulin; beta cells of the pancreas
C. PDGF; the blood
D. NGF; the nerves involved in simple reflexes
17. In the signal transduction mechanism known as protein phosphorylation
A. the
signaling molecule binds to a surface receptor
B. receptor kinases play a key role in triggering the signal cascade
C. phosphorylated proteins act with enzymes to trigger the signal cascade
D. All of the above
18. Cell signaling can be classified into
A. three distinct types based on
the distance over which the signaling molecules act
B. two
distinct types based on the distance over which the signaling molecules act
C. three distinct types based on the signaling molecules
D. none of the above
19. Which of the following statement is correct?
A. Cell communicate with one
another in multicellular organisms using extracellular signaling molecules or
hormones
B. Cell
communicate with one another in unicellular organisms using extracellular
signaling antigen and antibody
C. Cell communicate with one another in multicellular organisms using
intracellular signaling molecules only
D. Cell communicate with one another in unicellular organisms using
intracellular signaling antigen and antibody
20. In vasodilation, proper nerve signals sent to blood vessels cause
A. the release of nitric oxide from endothelial cells
B. relaxation of smooth muscle cells
C. reduced blood pressure
D. All of the above