Principles of Inheritance and Variation Questions and Answers pdf Download
Principles of Inheritance and Variation is one that enables a problem to be solved using calculus of variations, which concerns finding such functions which optimize the values of quantities that depend upon those functions. These Principles of Inheritance and Variation Questions and Answers pdf are prepared by livemcqs team. These principles of inheritance and variation neet questions cover all NCERT topics. These principles of inheritance and variation question bank pdf are most important for NEET, AIIMS, JIPMER, and various other medical entrance exams.
1.
How many types of gametes are produced by a trihybrid?
2.
A dihybrid heterozygous tall plant with round seed is crossed with a similar genotype, what percentage of plants should posses Tt Rr genotype?
(A)
6.25%
(B)
12.5%
(C)
25%
(D)
75%
3.
A cross by changing the source of ovum is
(A)
Back cross
(B)
Test cross
(C)
Monohybrid
(D)
Reciprocal cross
Answer: Electrical and chemical
4.
When the phenotypic and genotypic ratios resemble in the F2 generation it is an example of
(A)
Independent assortment
(B)
Qualitative inheritance
(C)
Segregation
(D)
Incomplete dominance
Answer: Qualitative inheritance
5.
In what situation, the phenotype of a dihybrid cross would exhibit parental combination of characters in more than the expected value and recombination in less than the expected value?
(A)
When genes are in mitochondria
(B)
When duplicate genes are present
(C)
When genes are linked
(D)
When supplementary genes are present
Answer: When genes are in mitochondria
6.
When the dihybrid Tt rr plants are self-fertilized, what percentage of descendants would be heterozygous for one character and homozygous for another?
(A)
25%
(B)
50%
(C)
75%
(D)
100%
7.
In a double heterozygous plant, (Eg: Aa Bb) four types of gametes are produced .This illustrate the law of
(A)
Dominance
(B)
Segregation
(C)
Purity of gametes
(D)
Independent assortment
Answer: Independent assortment
8.
Back cross with recessive parent is called
(A)
Monohybrid cross
(B)
Multiple cross
(C)
Single cross
(D)
Test cross
9.
If a gene has multiple effects, it is called
(A)
Multiple allelism
(B)
Pleiotropism
(C)
Polygeny
(D)
Epistasis
10.
Maize has 10 pairs of chromosomes. How many linkage groups should it possess
(A)
5
(B)
10
(C)
20
(D)
40
11.
When F1 plants heterozygous for tallness are selfed F2, generation has both tall and dwarf plants. This proves the principle of:
(A)
Dominance
(B)
Blended inheritance
(C)
Law of segregation
(D)
Law of independent assortment
Answer: Law of segregation
12.
Mendel’s formulated the law of purity of gametes on the basis of:
(A)
Test cross
(B)
Back cross
(C)
Monohybrid cross
(D)
Dihybrid cross
13.
tt mates with Tt. What will be characteristic of offspring:
(A)
75% Ineffective
(B)
50% Uneffective
(C)
25% Uneffective
(D)
All Effective
14.
Failure of segregation of chromatids during cell division Cycle result in the gain or loss of a cromosome (s) is called :
(A)
Female heterogamety
(B)
Male heterogamety
(C)
Aneuploidy
(D)
None of these
Answer: Female heterogamety
15.
Exception of Mendel’s law is:
(A)
Dominance
(B)
Purity of gametes
(C)
Linkage
(D)
Independent assortment
16.
Haemophilia is a:
(A)
Mendelian disorder
(B)
Chromosomal disorder
(C)
Can be (a) or (b)
(D)
None of the above
Answer: Mendelian disorder
17.
Down’s syndrome is a:
(A)
Mendelian disorder
(B)
Chromosomal disorder
(C)
Can be both
(D)
None of the above
Answer: Chromosomal disorder
18.
Mendel worked on :
(A)
Edible pea
(B)
Wild pea
(C)
Garden Pea
(D)
None of these
19.
A gamete contains which of the following :
(A)
Both alleles of a gene
(B)
Only one allele of a gene
(C)
Al allele of a gene
(D)
No allele
Answer: Only one allele of a gene
20.
Name the scientist who discovered the law of Heredity :
(A)
Gregor Mendel
(B)
Newton
(C)
Piinnett
(D)
None of these
21.
Linked genes may be separated by
(A)
Gene mutation
(B)
Polyploidy
(C)
Segregation
(D)
Crossing over
22.
Crossing over in diploid organism is responsible for
(A)
Recombination of linked gene
(B)
Segregation of alleles
(C)
Dominance of genes
(D)
Linkage between genes
Answer: Segregation of alleles
23.
Crossing over takes place between
(A)
Sister chromatids of homologous chromosomes
(B)
Non sister chromatids of homologous chromosomes
(C)
Sisters of non-homologous chromosomes
(D)
DNA and RNA
Answer: Non sister chromatids of homologous chromosomes
24.
If the distance between genes on a chromosome is more , the linkage strength is
(A)
More
(B)
Less
(C)
Unaffected
(D)
More in somatic cells
25.
Drosophila melanogaster has
(A)
2 pairs of autosomes and 1 pair of sex chromosomes
(B)
3 pairs of autosomes and 1 pair of sex chromosomes
(C)
1 pair of autosomes and 3 pairs of sex chromosomes
(D)
2 pairs of autosomes and 2 pairs of sex chromosomes
Answer: 2 pairs of autosomes and 2 pairs of sex chromosomes
26.
A trisomic individual has a chromosomal number of
(A)
2n -1
(B)
2n +2
(C)
2n + 1
(D)
2n + 3
27.
Among the following which one is the best chemical for inducing the polyploidy?
(A)
Ethylene
(B)
Colchicine
(C)
Acridines
(D)
Mustard gas
28.
Down’s syndrome is an example of
(A)
Monosomy
(B)
Trisomy
(C)
Triploidy
(D)
Eupolyploidy
29.
Which of the following is 6x (hexaploid) wheat?
(A)
Triticum durum
(B)
T. monococcum
(C)
T.aestivum
(D)
Triticale
30.
The holandric genes are located on
(A)
Mitochondria
(B)
X- chromosome
(C)
Y-chromosome
(D)
Polytene chromosome
31.
Who put forward the crossing theory of recombination
(A)
Gregor Mendel
(B)
Wiliam Bateson
(C)
Janssen
(D)
T.H.Morgan
32.
In honeybees
(A)
The males have only one set of chromosomes
(B)
The males have single sex chromosomes
(C)
Males produce projeny by parthenogenesis
(D)
Both (a) and (c)
33.
First child of a normal couple is phenylketouric. The probability of second male child is affected will be
(A)
0%
(B)
25%
(C)
50%
(D)
100%
34.
Mutation of any single gene maybe
(A)
Micromutation
(B)
Point mutation
(C)
Gene mutation
(D)
All of these
35.
A normal man whose father was haemophilic marries a women whose father was haemophilic. They have their first child as daughter. What is the chance that this could be
(A)
25%
(B)
50%
(C)
0%
(D)
100%
36.
Thallasemia beta is located on
(A)
11th chromosome
(B)
16th chromosome
(C)
9th chromosome
(D)
12th chromosome
37.
Choose the sex influenced trait
(A)
Ovary in female
(B)
Hypertrichosis
(C)
Haemophilia
(D)
Pattern baldness
38.
Clotting factors VIII is absent in
(A)
Haemophilia A
(B)
Haemophiia B
(C)
Thalassamia beta
(D)
Both (a) and (b)
39.
Pedigree analysis is useful for
(A)
Study of inheritance when arranged mating is not possible
(B)
Study of sex linked inheritance in man
(C)
Study of Mendelian disorders in man
(D)
All of these
Answer: Study of inheritance when arranged mating is not possible
40.
Choose the incorrect statement regarding haemophilia
(A)
It is x –linked
(B)
It is dominant in male
(C)
it inherit from father to daughter
(D)
A single protein in cascade of several protiens involved in clotting is affected
Answer: it inherit from father to daughter
41.
First artificial mutation was induced in
(A)
Barley
(B)
Maize
(C)
Drosophila
(D)
Neurospora
42.
Hemophilic person marries a girl having no history of the disease in her pedigree. What is the chance that a haemophilic child is born to them
(A)
0%
(B)
25%
(C)
50%
(D)
75%
43.
If a hybrid expresses a character, it is called _________
(A)
Epistasis
(B)
Dominant
(C)
Co-dominant
(D)
Recessive
44.
A plant having the genotype AABbCC will produce ______ kinds of gametes
45.
Colour blindness is an _________ linked recessive trait
(A)
Z chromosome
(B)
Y chromosome
(C)
X chromosome
(D)
None of the above
46.
In most species, mitochondrial DNA is passed down from
(A)
DNA
(B)
Mother and Father
(C)
Father
(D)
Mother
47.
Where are the genes for cytoplasmic male sterility in plants located?
(A)
Chloroplast genome
(B)
Mitochondrial genome
(C)
Cytosome
(D)
None of the above
Answer: Mitochondrial genome
48.
_________ is a type of trait whose phenotype is influenced by more than one gene
(A)
Oncogenic Trait
(B)
Monogenic trait
(C)
Polygenic trait
(D)
None of the above
49.
An individual’s collection of genes is called ______
(A)
Genotype
(B)
Phenotype
(C)
Trait
(D)
None of the above
50.
A man marries a woman and both do not show any apparent traits of inherited disease. Five sons and two daughters are born, and three of their sons suffer from a disease. However, none of the daughters is affected. The following mode of inheritance for the disease is
(A)
Sex-linked recessive
(B)
Sex-linked dominant
(C)
Autosomal dominant
(D)
None of the above
Answer: Sex-linked recessive
51.
How many type of phenotypes possible for ABO blood group
52.
A person affected with phenylketonuria , lacks an enzyme that converts the amino acid phenylalanine into
(A)
Valine
(B)
Proline
(C)
Histidine
(D)
Tyrosine
53.
Haemophilia in man is due to
(A)
Sex-linked inheritance
(B)
Sex-limited inheritance
(C)
Sex-influenced inheritance
(D)
Primary non-disjunction
Answer: Primary non-disjunction
54.
In XO type of sex determination
(A)
Females produce two different types of gametes
(B)
Males produce two different types of gametes
(C)
Females produce gametes with Y chromosome
(D)
Males produce single type of gametes
Answer: Males produce two different types of gametes
55.
Which one of the following cannot be explained on the basis of Mendel’s Law of Dominance?
(A)
Factors occur in pairs
(B)
The discrete unit controlling a particular character is called a factor
(C)
Out of one pair of factors one is dominant , and the other recessive
(D)
Alleles do not show any blending and both the characters recover as such in F2 generation
Answer: The discrete unit controlling a particular character is called a factor
56.
The genotype of a plant showing the dominant phenotype can be determined by :
(A)
Back cross
(B)
Test cross
(C)
Dihybrid cross
(D)
Pedigree analysis
Answer: Pedigree analysis
57.
Which one of the following conditions correctly describes the manner of determining the sex in the given example?
(A)
XO condition in humans as found in Turner syndrome , determines female sex
(B)
Homozygous sex chromosomes (XX) produce male in Drosophila
(C)
XO type of sex chromosomes determine male sex in grasshopper
(D)
Homozygous sex chromosomes (ZZ) determine female sex in birds
Answer: Homozygous sex chromosomes (XX) produce male in Drosophila
58.
F2 generation in a Mendelian cross showed that both genotypic and phenotypic ratios are same as 1:2:1. It represents a case of
(A)
Monohybrid cross with complete dominanace
(B)
Monohybrid cross with incomplete dominance
(C)
Co-dominance
(D)
Dihybrid cross
Answer: Monohybrid cross with incomplete dominance
59.
Alleles which can express only in pair with similar allele is
(A)
Dominant
(B)
Recessive
(C)
Co dominant
(D)
Lethal
60.
Among the following traits that Mendel studied , choose the recessive one
(A)
Yellow pods
(B)
Axile flower
(C)
Terminal flower
(D)
Green seed
61.
An lndividual with into identical alleles is:
(A)
Hybrid
(B)
Dominant
(C)
Homozygous
(D)
Heterozygous
62.
Mendal’s law can be applicable only when:
(A)
Characters are linked
(B)
Parents are pore breed
(C)
F1 generation in monohybrid cross show 2 type of individuals
(D)
Onepair of contiasting characters depends on another pair
Answer: Characters are linked
63.
A true hybrid condition is:
(A)
tt Rr
(B)
Tt rr
(C)
tt rr
(D)
Tt Rr
64.
The allele which is unable to express its effect in the presence of another is called :
(A)
Co-dominant
(B)
Supplementary
(C)
Complementary
(D)
Recessive
65.
Most of the mutations are:
(A)
Recessive
(B)
Harmful
(C)
Germinal
(D)
All of these
66.
Smallest segment of genetic material affected by mutation is :
(A)
Recon
(B)
Cistron
(C)
Muton
(D)
Exon
67.
Genes located on V-chroinosome are:
(A)
Mutant genes
(B)
Autosomal genes
(C)
Holandric genes
(D)
Sex-linked genes
68.
A strong mutagen is:
(A)
Cold
(B)
Heat
(C)
Water
(D)
X-rays
69.
A point mutation is:
(A)
Thalassemia
(B)
Sickel-cell anaemia
(C)
Down’s syndrome
(D)
Nightblindness
Answer: Sickel-cell anaemia
70.
Mendel’s second law is of the law of:
(A)
Segregation
(B)
Dominance
(C)
Polygenic inheritance
(D)
Independent assortment
Answer: Independent assortment
71.
When a dominant ‘AA’ and a recessive ‘aa’ are crossed percentage of the progenies showing the parental genotypes will be
(A)
0%
(B)
25%
(C)
50%
(D)
100%
72.
A normal visioned man whose father was colour blind ,marries a women whose father is also colour blind . They have their first child as a daughter . What are the chances that this child would be colour blind?
(A)
25%
(B)
50%
(C)
100%
(D)
0%
73.
The incorrect statement with regard to Haemophilia is
(A)
It is a recessive disease
(B)
It is sex linked disease
(C)
It is a dominant disease
(D)
A single protein involved in the clotting of blood is affected
Answer: A single protein involved in the clotting of blood is affected
74.
Person with blood group AB is considered as universal recipient because he has
(A)
Both A and B antibodies in the plasma
(B)
No antigen on RBC and no antibody in the plasma
(C)
Both A and B antigens in the plasma but no antibodies in the plasma
(D)
Both A and B antigens on RBC but no antibodies in the plasma
Answer: Both A and B antigens on RBC but no antibodies in the plasma
75.
A patient with unknown blood group needs immediate blood transfusion. The group that can be donated will be
(A)
Blood group O
(B)
Blood group AB
(C)
Blood group A
(D)
Blood group B
76.
Which Mendelian idea is depicted by a cross in which the F1 generation resembles both parents
(A)
Incomplete dominance
(B)
Inheritance of 1 gene
(C)
Co-dominance
(D)
Multiple allelism
77.
An F2 hybrid generation will have
(A)
4 types of genotypes
(B)
7 types of genotypes
(C)
9 types of genotypes
(D)
16 types of genotypes
Answer: 16 types of genotypes
78.
Who among the following is not concerned with re-discovery of Mendelism
(A)
Von Tschermak
(B)
Carl Correns
(C)
Theodre Bovery
(D)
Hugode Vries
79.
The diploid number of drosophila melanogaster
(A)
8
(B)
10
(C)
11
(D)
12
80.
Linkage phenomenon explained first by
(A)
William Batson
(B)
T.H.Morgan
(C)
Alfsed Sturtevent
(D)
Johanson
81.
A trait that “overpowers” and hide another trait is called
(A)
Overpowering trait
(B)
Complex trait
(C)
Recessive trait
(D)
Dominant Trait
82.
Why is haemophilia a disease that is more commonly seen in males?
(A)
The disease is Y- linked
(B)
The disease is X- linked
(C)
Both (1) and (2)
(D)
None of the above
Answer: The disease is X- linked
83.
Sucess of mendal is
(A)
Selection of Peaplant
(B)
Studied of free characters
(C)
More Characters selection
(D)
Pea is Bisexual
Answer: Selection of Peaplant
84.
Loss of Melanin pigment cause for:
(A)
Colourblindness
(B)
Depigmentation
(C)
Phenyl Ketoneuria
(D)
Alkaptoneuria
85.
Gunetical identification of male human is:
(A)
By Nucleus
(B)
By cells
(C)
By Autosome
(D)
By Sex-chromosome
Answer: By Sex-chromosome
86.
Rh+ individual gene may be:
(A)
rr
(B)
TT
(C)
Rr
(D)
Both (a) and (c)
87.
Cause of chromosomal mutation:
(A)
Euploidy
(B)
Polyploidy
(C)
Physical effect
(D)
All of these
88.
Mendal was born in:
(A)
17th century
(B)
18th century
(C)
19th century
(D)
8th century
89.
Two genes very close on a chromosome will show:
(A)
No crossing over
(B)
High crossing over
(C)
Hardly an crossing over
(D)
Only double crossing overy
90.
First geneticist/father of genetics was:
(A)
de Vries
(B)
Mendel
(C)
Darwin
(D)
Morgan
91.
Choose the wrong statement
(A)
Mental retardation can be the effect of phenyl pyruvic acid
(B)
Thallasemia is a quantitative problem
(C)
Sickle cell anemia person produce abnormal Hb
(D)
Cystic fibrosis is quantitative
Answer: Sickle cell anemia person produce abnormal Hb
92.
Which of the following cannot be detected in developing foetus by amniocentesis
(A)
Klinefelter syndrome
(B)
Sex of the foetus
(C)
Down syndrome
(D)
Jaundice
93.
Which mendelian idea is depicted by a cross in which the F1 generation resembles both the parents?
(A)
Incomplete dominance
(B)
Law of dominance
(C)
Inheritance of one gene
(D)
Co- dominance
94.
If both parents are carriers of thalassemia , which is an autosomal recessive disorder , what are the chance of pregnancy resulting in an affected child?
(A)
No chance
(B)
50%
(C)
25%
(D)
100%
95.
A human female with Turner’s syndrome
(A)
Has one additional X chromosome
(B)
Exhibits male characters
(C)
Is able to produce children with normal husband
(D)
Has 45 chromosomes with XO
Answer: Exhibits male characters
96.
Which of the following cannot be expected on the basis of Mendel’s law of dominance
(A)
It explains the expression of one of the parental traits in F 1
(B)
It explain expression of both traits in F 2
(C)
It explains the 3:1 ratio in F 2
(D)
It explains the formation of functional enzyme by dominant allele
Answer: It explain expression of both traits in F 2
97.
When heterozygous yellow round seed plants and self-fertilized, the frequency of occurrence of RrYY genotype among the offspring’s is
(A)
1/16
(B)
3/16
(C)
2/16
(D)
4/16
98.
A person homozygous for autosomal loci ‘a’ and ‘b’ and heterozygous for gene ‘p’ shall produce how many types of gametes in respect of these loci
(A)
1 type
(B)
2 types
(C)
3 types
(D)
4 types
99.
Experimental proof for chromosome theory of inheritance is given by
(A)
Sutton
(B)
Sutton and Bovery
(C)
T H Morgan
(D)
Sturtevent
100.
The nuclear structure observed by Henking in 50% of the sperms in the testes of a insect was termed
(A)
X-body
(B)
Bar body
(C)
Polar body
(D)
Chromatin
101.
If the haploid number of chromosomes in a plant is 12,then the number of chromosomes in monosomic is
(A)
22
(B)
23
(C)
25
(D)
26
102.
Alleles are paired in
(A)
In zygote
(B)
In diploid organism
(C)
Dihybrid
(D)
All of these
103.
Inheritance of flower colour is an example of incomplete dominance, which is seen in:
(A)
Antirrhinum
(B)
Pisum
(C)
Solanum
(D)
Hibiscus
104.
Haemophilia most likely originated as a result of
(A)
The separation of two homologous chromosomes
(B)
A non disjunction of chromosome number 21
(C)
The crossing over to two sex chromosomes
(D)
A gene mutation in the X- chromosome
Answer: A gene mutation in the X- chromosome
105.
Chromosome complement with 2n-1 is called as
(A)
Monosomy
(B)
Trisomy
(C)
Nullisomy
(D)
Tetrasomy
106.
The most striking example of point mutation is found in a disease called
(A)
Night blindness
(B)
Turners syndrome
(C)
Down’s syndrome
(D)
Sickle cell anemia
Answer: Sickle cell anemia
107.
In which of the following, females are heterogametic
(A)
Humans
(B)
Grasshopper
(C)
Drosophila
(D)
Fowl
108.
Gynaecomastia is a common feature seen in:
(A)
Down’s syndrome
(B)
Turner’s syndrome
(C)
Cystic fibrosis
(D)
Klinefelter’s syndrome
Answer: Klinefelter’s syndrome
109.
XO type of sex determination is seen in:
(A)
Man
(B)
Grasshopper
(C)
Drosophila
(D)
Birds
110.
Which of the following is not a Mendelian disorder?
(A)
Haemophilia
(B)
Cystic fibrosis
(C)
Thalesemia
(D)
Turner’s syndrome
Answer: Turner’s syndrome
111.
Punnett square was developed by:
(A)
Mendel
(B)
Watson and Sutton
(C)
Raginald
(D)
Boveri
112.
Who introduced Chromosomal Theory of Inheritance?
(A)
Mendel
(B)
Sutton
(C)
Reginald
(D)
Boveri
113.
The plant Mendel used to study inheritance of two genes is:
(A)
Apple
(B)
Mango
(C)
Garden pea
(D)
Potato
114.
Mendel published his work on inheritance of character in?
(A)
1870
(B)
1900
(C)
1865
(D)
1845
115.
Female heterogamety is :
(A)
Two different types of gametes are produced by females
(B)
Four different types of gametes are produced by males
(C)
Can be both (a) and (b)
(D)
None of these
Answer: Two different types of gametes are produced by females
116.
Individuals having dissimilar traits (alleles) on homologous chromosomes are called
(A)
Heterozygous
(B)
Homozygous
(C)
Dominant
(D)
Recessive
117.
An allele is considered dominant
(A)
When it express in homozygosity
(B)
When it express even in the presence of alternate allele
(C)
When it express desirable phenotype
(D)
None of the above
Answer: When it express even in the presence of alternate allele
118.
Mendel’s dihybrid ratio is
(A)
1:1:1:1
(B)
3:1
(C)
9:3:3:1
(D)
9:1:1:5
119.
Mendel studied seven contrasting characters for his breeding experiment with Pisum sativum, which of the following characters did he not use?
(A)
Pod shape
(B)
Leaf shape
(C)
Plant height
(D)
Pod color
120.
An organism with two identical allele of a gene in a cell is called
(A)
Heterozygous
(B)
Homozygous
(C)
Hybrid
(D)
Homozygous
121.
Which principle of inheritance was not given by Mendel
(A)
Independent assortment
(B)
Dominance
(C)
Purity of gametes
(D)
Linkage
122.
When dominant BB and recessive bb is crossed, the percentage of progeny showing the parental genotype is
(A)
0%
(B)
25%
(C)
50%
(D)
75%
123.
The year 1900AD is highly significant for genetics due to
(A)
Chromosome theory of heredity
(B)
Discovery of genes
(C)
Rediscovery of Mendelism
(D)
Principle of linkage
Answer: Chromosome theory of heredity
124.
The process by which the segregation of Mendelian factors takes place is
(A)
Hybridisation
(B)
Mitosis
(C)
Meiosis
(D)
Fertilisation
125.
Which would most probably be the genetic makeup of the parents of a colour blind daughter?
(A)
Carrier mother and normal father
(B)
Carrier mother and color blind father
(C)
Color blind mother and normal father
(D)
Normal mother and normal father
Answer: Carrier mother and normal father
126.
If a heterozygous tall plant is crossed with a homozygous dwarf plant the proportion of dwarf progeny will be
(A)
25%
(B)
50%
(C)
75%
(D)
100%
127.
When two tall plants are crossed 45 tall plants and 14 dwarf plants are obtained.The genotype of parent plants is
(A)
TT x TT
(B)
TT x tt
(C)
Tt x Tt
(D)
TT x Tt
128.
Which of the following is not a dominant character selected by Mendel in Pisum?
(A)
Yellow pod color
(B)
Violet flower colour
(C)
Axillary flowers
(D)
Yellow seed colour
129.
Variation can occur due to
(A)
Mutations
(B)
Recombination
(C)
Fertilisation
(D)
All of these
130.
Who discovered the phenomenon of incomplete dominance in Mirabilis and Antirrhinum?
(A)
De Vries
(B)
Bateson
(C)
Carl Correns
(D)
Davenport
NCERT Class 11 Biology Questions and Answers Downlaod
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Categories: Biology, Chapter 5: Principles of Inheritance and Variation, Class 12
Tags: Biology, NEET
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