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Cell The Unit Of Life NEET Questions and Answers

1. Which scientist coined the term chromatin?

a) Robert Koch

b) Louis Pasteur

c) Robert Brown

d) Alexander Fleming

Answer: d

2. What is the space between the two membranes of the nuclear envelope known as?

a) Reticular space

b) Intra – membrane space

c) Perinuclear space

d) Somatic space

Answer: c

3. Which of these cells lack a nucleus?

a) Thrombocytes in humans

b) Lymphocytes of primates

c) Sieve tube cells of vascular plants

d) Epithelial cells

Answer: c

4. Which of these is an important constituent of the nuclear matrix?

a) Chromatin

b) Ribosomes

c) Mitochondria

d) Centrosomes

Answer: a

5. What is the site of rRNA synthesis within a cell?

a) Chromatin

b) Nucleolus

c) Perinuclear space

d) Centrosomes

Answer: b

6. Which of these organelles are not membrane bound?

a) Mitochondria

b) Endoplasmic reticulum

c) Nucleolus

d) Lysosome

Answer: c

7. Which is the primary constriction for every visible chromosome?

a) Centromere

b) Ribosomes

c) Kinetochores

d) Histones

Answer: a

8. Which form of chromosome has two equal arms?

a) Telocentric chromosome

b) Acrocentric chromosome

c) Sub – metacentric chromosome

d) Metacentric chromosome

Answer: d

9. Which type of chromosome has its centromere at its tip?

a) Acrocentric chromosome

b) Telocentric chromosome

c) Sub – metacentric chromosome

d) Metacentric chromosome

Answer: b

10. A few chromosomes have non-staining constrictions at a constant location. What are these constrictions called?

a) Cilia

b) Flagella

c) Satellite

d) Kinetochore

Answer: c

11. What are the disc shaped structures located on the sides of the centromere?

a) Kinetochores

b) Satellite cells

c) Flagella

d) Ribosomes

Answer: a

12. What is the number of chromosomes present in an oocyte?

a) 46

b) 23

c) 21

d) 48

Answer: b

13. Which among the following is incorrect about the major discoveries in the history of cell?

a) Robert brown made the most major contribution to the history of cell by discovering nucleus

b) Cell theory was developed by Schleiden and Schwann

c) Virchow introduced the concept that genetic material is present inside the nucleus

d) Robert Hooke discovered cell in 1665

Answer: c

14. Which among the following is incorrect about types of cells?

a) In a prokaryotic cell membrane-bound organelles are absent

b) Monera is an example of prokaryotic cell

c) Eukaryotic cells contain membrane-bound organelles

d) Prokaryotic cells contain either RNA or DNA

Answer: d

15. Which among the following is incorrect about different types of cells?

a) Size and shape of the cells vary with the functions they perform

b) In unicellular organism a single cell constitutes the entire organism

c) The components in all eukaryotic cells are more/less the same

d) Centrioles are present in plant cells but absent in animal cells

Answer: d

16. Energy for the transport of particles through active mode is derived from _______

a) ATP

b) ADP

c) Glucose

d) Lactic acids

Answer: a

17. Which among the following statements is incorrect about plasma membrane?

a) Plasma membrane is a selectively permeable membrane and allows only those particles that protect the cell

b) Movement of air and water takes place through diffusion and osmosis respectively

c) Osmosis and diffusion are examples of active transport

d) Active transport takes place through use of energy

Answer: c

18. Which among the following is incorrect about the structure of plasma membrane?

a) Plasma membrane is made of lipids and proteins

b) Lipids with hydrophobic and hydrophilic end are called amphipathic lipids

c) The plasma membrane is a lipid bilayer membrane

d) The proteins that are present on the surface of the plasma membrane are called integral proteins

Answer: d

19. Which among the following is incorrect about fluid mosaic model?

a) Plasma membrane was coined by Singer and Nicholson to be a fluid mosaic model

b) According to this model, the proteins are dispersed randomly on the surface and the interior of the plasma membrane

c) The word fluid in this model refers to the fluid flexible nature of the plasma membrane

d) The model fails to explain the cell growth and cell division

Answer: d

20. Which among the following is incorrect about the layers of the cell wall?

a) The cell wall is made of three main layers, namely, primary cell wall, secondary cell wall and middle lamella

b) Cell wall of a young plant is made of primary cell which composes a loose network of cellulose microfibrils

c) Secondary cell wall forms as the cell matures and composes cellulose and lignin

d) Middle lamella separates cells and is composed of sodium acetate

Answer: d

21. Which among the following is incorrect about cell wall?

a) Cell wall provides mechanical supports and avoids rupture of cell in a hypotonic solution

b) Plasmodesmata are protein granules in the cell wall that provides mechanical support

c) Cell wall prevents the cell from invasion and injury

d) Cell wall is entirely permeable and rigid

Answer: b

22. Which among the following is incorrect about endoplasmic reticulum?

a) These are complex network of membrane bounded tubules

b) They are classified as smooth and rough endoplasmic reticulum

c) Smooth endoplasmic reticulum has ribosomes attached to their surface and acts as site of protein synthesis

d) Rough endoplasmic reticulum is connected by nuclear membrane at one end and golgi apparatus on the other end

Answer: c

23. Which among the following is incorrect about prokaryotic cell?

a) In prokaryotic cell, cell compartmentalization is absent

b) Genetic material is scattered in the nucleus

c) Protista is an example of prokaryotic cell

d) Prokaryotic cell has a cell membrane

Answer: c

24. Which among the following is incorrect about lysosomes?

a) These are membrane bound vesicles that contain digestive enzymes

b) They are double membraned and are isolated from their neighboring environment

c) The digestive enzymes present include proteases, lipases, nucleases, glycosidases and phosphatases

d) The lysosomes defend against bacterial and viral infection

Answer: b

25. Which among the following is not correct about Golgi apparatus?

a) They are absent in RBCs, sperm cell of Pteridophytes and Bryophytes

b) Golgi apparatus is freely distributed in animal cells and in plants fluid filled sac like structures called cisternae that pile parallel to each other to form Golgi bodies

c) There are three main components, namely, cisternae, tubules and vesicles

d) The membrane bound containers which appear dense in the cytoplasm are called vesicles

Answer: b

26. Which among the following is incorrect about vacuoles?

a) Vacuoles are fluid filled membrane bound sacs

b) They consist of water and sap consisting of minerals, sugars, amino acids and proteins etc.

c) The function of vacuoles differs from one organism to other

d) Vacuoles in plants are not membrane bound and therefore they occupy most of the cell

Answer: d

27. Which among the following statements is incorrect about mitochondria?

a) Mitochondria is a rod-shaped organelle bounded by two membranes and is also called as the power house of the cell

b) Mitochondria has an outer membrane, an inner membrane, cristae and matrix

c) The inner membrane of the mitochondria is highly folded and these folds provide greater surface area for the generation of ATP molecules

d) Mitochondria can’t synthesize their own proteins and depend on rough endoplasmic reticulum

Answer: d

28. Which among the following is incorrect about plastids?

a) These are the organelles present only in plant cell and bear color imparting pigments

b) Plastids are of three kinds, namely, leucoplasts, chromoplasts and chloroplasts

c) Chromoplasts contain carotenoid pigments and provide red to orange color to the flowers and fruits

d) Chloroplast is a single membrane bound organelles with stroma which contains a stack of thyllakoids called grana

Answer: d

29. Which among the following is incorrect about ribosomes?

a) Ribosomes are granule like structures without any membrane that act as site for protein synthesis

b) The size of the ribosomes are expressed using their sedimentation coefficients and is denoted by S, where S denotes to sub – units

c) Eukaryotic and prokaryotic ribosomes are 80S and 70S respectively

d) Eukaryotic ribosome further contains two unequal sub-units, 40S and 60S

Answer: a

30. Which among the following is incorrect about cytoskeleton, cilia and flagella?

a) Cytoskeleton is the network of minute proteinaceous structure in the cytoplasm and which mainly contains microfilaments and micro tubules

b) Microtubules are composed of protein actin and microtubules are composed of protein tubulin

c) Cilia is present in large numbers of the body and only one or two flagella are present in an organism

d) Both flagella and cilia help in movement of the organism

Answer: b

31. Which among the following is incorrect about nucleus?

a) In plant cells, nucleus lies towards the periphery due to the large nucleus that occupies almost the entire region of the cell

b) Nucleus helps in reproduction and acts as the control centre of the cell

c) Nucleoplasm condenses and group together to form chromosomes

d) Nucleus comprises of nuclear membrane, nuclear pores, nucleolus, nucleoplasm and chromatin

Answer: c

32. Which among the following is an incorrect statement about the structure of nucleus?

a) Nuclear membrane is a double layered covering of nucleus which is separated by a perinuclear space

b) Nuclear pores allow the transfer of materials and disrupt the continuity of nuclear membrane

c) Nucleoplasm is also termed as “Karyolymph” and act as site for synthesis of DNA and RNA

d) Nucleolus contains RNA, DNA, histone and non-histone proteins

Answer: d

33. Which among the following is incorrect about chromosomes?

a) Chromosomes are rod shaped structures that condenses together when the cell is about divide

b) Chromosomes are composed of DNA, RNA and proteins which act as repository for inheritance

c) Kinetochores are disc like structures that are present on the sides of centromeres

d) In acrocentric chromosomes, centromere is present in the end of the chromatids

Answer: d

34. Which among the following is incorrect about RBCs?

a) RBCs are anucleate because this allows them contain more oxygen and therefore carry more oxygen

b) Immature RBCs do contain nucleus which lets them to reproduce but in the later stage of their life they become devoid of nucleus

c) RBCs contain all other organelles like mitochondria, Golgi apparatus and SER etc

d) Due to lack of nucleus, they don’t get involved in the protein synthesis

Answer: c

35. What is the difference between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cell when it comes to nucleus?

a) Eukaryotic cell contains nucleus whereas prokaryotic cell don’t

b) Eukaryotic nucleus contains genetic material in them whereas prokaryotic nucleus don’t

c) Eukaryotic cell contains membrane bound nucleus whereas prokaryotic cell don’t

d) Eukaryotic cells contain both DNA and RNA whereas prokaryotic cell has only RNA

Answer: c

36. Cytoplasm without cell organelles is termed as _______

a) Cytosol

b) Cyclosis

c) Lymph

d) Blood

Answer: a

37. Which among the following statements are incorrect?

a) PH, temperature, viscosity, hormones and light are the factors effecting cyclosis

b) Higher the viscosity more is the rate of cyclosis

c) Cytoplasm plays the vital role in respiration and contains dissolved nutrients

d) Cytoplasm controls the shape of the cell and dissolves waste product

Answer: b

38. Which among the following is not a part of endomembrane system?

a) Endoplasmic reticulum

b) Mitochondria

c) Vacuoles

d) Golgi apparatus

Answer: b

39. Which of these scientists observed the different types of cells in plant tissue?

a) Rudolf Virchow

b) Antony Von Leeuwenhoek

c) Theodore Schwann

d) Matthias Schleiden

Answer: d

40. In which year did Matthias Schleiden observe different types of cells in various plant tissue?

a) 1902

b) 1855

c) 1838

d) 1905

Answer: c

41. Matthias Schleiden was a _____

a) German zoologist

b) British zoologist

c) German botanist

d) British botanist

Answer: c

42. Theodore Schwann was a _____

a) British zoologist

b) German zoologist

c) British botanist

d) German botanist

Answer: a

43. Which of these scientists concluded that the cell wall was a unique feature of plant cells?

a) Matthias Schleiden

b) Theodore Schwann

c) Robert Koch

d) Rudolf Virchow

Answer: b

44. Which of these statements is false regarding Theodore Schwann?

a) He was a British zoologist

b) He studied various types of animal cells and observed the plasma membrane

c) He concluded that animal and plant cells have cell walls

d) He hypothesized that animals and plants were made of cells and cellular products

Answer: c

45. Which of these scientists formulated the cell theory?

a) Schleiden and Schwann

b) Rudolf Virchow

c) Robert Koch

d) Antony Von Leeuwenhoek

Answer: a

46. Which of these is not explained by the cell theory?

a) Source or new cells

b) The basic unit of life

c) Composition of living things

d) Formation of new cells

Answer: d

47. Which scientist was the first to explain that new cells arise from pre-existing cells?

a) Antony Von Leeuwenhoek

b) Matthias Schleiden

c) Rudolph Virchow

d) Theodore Schwann

Answer: c

48. What is the meaning of Omnis cellula-e cellula?

a) All cells have a nucleus

b) Cell is the basic unit of life

c) Living things are composed of cells

d) All cells arise from pre-existing cells

Answer: d

49. Who introduced the concept of Omnis cellula-e cellula?

a) Antony Von Leeuwenhoek

b) Matthias Schleiden

c) Rudolph Virchow

d) Theodore Schwann

Answer: c

50. Who gave the final shape to the cell theory?

a) Antony Von Leeuwenhoek

b) Matthias Schleiden

c) Rudolph Virchow

d) Theodore Schwann

Answer: c

51. Which of these scientists did not contribute to the cell theory?

a) Robert Koch

b) Matthias Schleiden

c) Theodore Schwann

d) Rudolph Virchow

Answer: a

52. Which of these is not a postulate of the cell theory?

a) Cells are the basic units of life

b) All cells contain a nucleus which has the genetic material

c) Living things are composed of one or more cells

d) Cells arise from existing cells

Answer: b

53. What is the full form of PPLO?

a) Pleural Parasite Like Organisms

b) Phosphatic Pneumonia Like Organisms

c) Pleuro Parasite Like Organisms

d) Pleuro Pneumonia Like Organisms

Answer: d

54. Which of these is not a basic shape of bacteria?

a) Vibrio

b) Spirillum

c) Triangular

d) Coccus

Answer: c

55. Which of these bacteria lack a cell wall?

a) Escherichia

b) Pseudomonas

c) Mycoplasma

d) Mycobacterium

Answer: c

56. What is the size of a typical eukaryotic cell?

a) 10 – 20 μm

b) 0.1 – 0.2 μm

c) 100 – 200 μm

d) 1 – 2 μm

Answer: a

57. What is the shape of a bacterial plasmid?

a) Linear

b) Circular

c) Irregular

d) Bacillus

Answer: b

58. What are plasmid made of?

a) Proteins

b) Polysaccharides

c) Nucleic acids

d) Lipids

Answer: c

59. Which of these structures is used in bacterial transformation?

a) Plasmid

b) Cell membrane

c) Ribosomes

d) Genomic DNA

Answer: a

60. From which structure is a mesosome derived from?

a) Plasmid

b) Cell wall

c) Ribosome

d) Cell membrane

Answer: d

61. How many layers are present in the bacterial cell envelope?

a) 1

b) 2

c) 3

d) 4

Answer: c

62. Which of these bacteria have chromatophores?

a) Escherichia

b) Mycobacteria

c) Mycoplasma

d) Cyanobacteria

Answer: d

63. Which of these structures is not a part of the bacterial flagella?

a) Filament

b) Basal Body

c) Lamina

d) Hook

Answer: c

64. Which of these is not a surface structure in bacteria?

a) Flagella

b) Pili

c) Mesosome

d) Fimbriae

Answer: c

65. What are the subunits of prokaryotic ribosomes?

a) 50S, 30S

b) 60S, 40S

c) 70S, 30S

d) 60S, 30S

Answer: a

66. Which of these statements is not true regarding inclusion bodies in prokaryotes?

a) Reserve material is stored in these structures

b) They are bound by a single membrane

c) Gas vacuoles are found in blue-green bacteria

d) They lie free in the cytoplasm

Answer: b

67. Which of these are not eukaryotic?

a) Plants

b) Fungi

c) Protists

d) Monerans

Answer: d

68. Which of these structures are absent in eukaryotes?

a) Organised nucleus

b) Membrane bound organelles

c) Mesosome

d) Nuclear envelope

Answer: c

69. Which of these are absent in plant cell?

a) Large central vacuole

b) Cell wall

c) Centriole

d) Plastid

Answer: c

70. The structure of the cell membrane was studied in detail after the invention of the _____

a) electron microscope

b) light microscope

c) magnifying glass

d) confocal microscope

Answer: a

71. Which of these structures of the phospholipid bilayer is correctly matched with its property?

a) Phosphate head – hydrophobic

b) Phosphate head – hydrophilic

c) Lipid tail – hydrophilic

d) Lipid tail – Polar

Answer: b

72. Which of these statements is not true regarding the cell membrane?

a) The phosphate heads are polar

b) It is a phospholipid bilayer

c) The hydrophilic tails face outwards

d) It contains integral proteins

Answer: c

73. What is the percentage of protein in the cell membrane of human erythrocytes?

a) 52%

b) 40%

c) 37%

d) 33%

Answer: a

74. What is the percentage of lipids in the cell membrane of human erythrocytes?

a) 52%

b) 44%

c) 37%

d) 40%

Answer: d

75. Which of these scientists proposed the fluid mosaic model of the cell membrane?

a) Schleiden and Schwann

b) Hershey and Chase

c) Singer and Nicholson

d) Watson and Crick

Answer: c

76. Fluidity of the cell membrane is a measure of the _____

a) ability of water to pass through the membrane

b) ability of potassium ions to pass through the membrane

c) ability of sodium ions to pass through the membrane

d) ability to move within the membrane

Answer: d

77. Water moves across the cell membrane by _____

a) exocytosis

b) endocytosis

c) osmosis

d) active transport

Answer: c

78. Which of these molecules require a carrier protein to pass through the cell membrane?

a) Small neutral solutes

b) Water

c) Polar molecules

d) Non – polar molecules

Answer: c

79. Which of these statements is not true regarding active transport?

a) It is an energy dependent process

b) Molecules are transported along their concentration gradient

c) Sodium – potassium pump requires active transport

d) ATP is utilised

Answer: b

80. Which of these structures is non-living?

a) Nucleus

b) Cell membrane

c) Lysosome

d) Cell wall

Answer: d

81. Which of these is not a function of the cell wall?

a) Cell-to-cell interaction

b) Provides cell shape

c) Synthesis of Rubisco

d) Protection from infection

Answer: c

82. Which of these statements is not true regarding the cell wall?

a) It is present in fungi

b) It is a rigid structure

c) It is living

d) It protects the cell from infections

Answer: c

83. Which of these is not present in algal cell wall?

a) Pectin

b) Mannan

c) Galactan

d) Cellulose

Answer: a

84. Which of these is not present in a plant cell wall?

a) Pectin

b) Calcium carbonate

c) Hemicellulose

d) Cellulose

Answer: b

85. Which of these statements is not true regarding the cell wall?

a) The cell wall of a young plant can grow

b) The primary wall of the cell wall can grow

c) The secondary wall accelerates the growth of the cell wall

d) the secondary wall is formed on the inner side of the cell

Answer: c

86. Which of these is a common component of both algal and plant cell wall?

a) Cellulose

b) Pectin

c) Galactan

d) Mannan

Answer: a

87. Which of these is the main component of the middle lamella?

a) Calcium phosphate

b) Calcium silicate

c) Calcium carbonate

d) Calcium pectate

Answer: d

88. What is the main role of the middle lamella?

a) It performs photosynthesis

b) It helps in the transport of sodium ions

c) It connects adjacent plant cells

d) It provides calcium to the plant cells

Answer: c

69. Which of these structures connect the cytoplasm of adjacent plant cells?

a) Trichome

b) Vacuole

c) Middle lamellae

d) Plasmodesmata

Answer: d

90. What is the function of plasmodesmata in plants?

a) Protecting the cells from mechanical stresses

b) Providing shape to the cells

c) Connecting the cytoplasm of adjacent cells

d) Joining two adjacent plant cell walls

Answer: c

91. Which of these structures is not a part of the endomembrane system?

a) Vacuoles

b) Golgi bodies

c) Peroxisomes

d) Lysosomes

Answer: c

92. Which of these organelles do not have coordinated functions with the others?

a) Peroxisomes

b) Lysosomes

c) Golgi bodies

d) Vacuoles

Answer: a

93. Which of these organelles is a part of the endomembrane system?

a) Mitochondria

b) Lysosomes

c) Peroxisomes

d) Chloroplasts

Answer: b

94. What is the space inside the endoplasmic reticulum called?

a) Tubular compartment

b) Extra – tubular compartment

c) Luminal compartment

d) Extra – luminal compartment

Answer: c

95. Where are the ribosomes attached in rough endoplasmic reticulum?

a) In the lumen

b) On the folds towards the nucleus

c) On the surface

d) On the folds towards the cell membrane

Answer: c

96. What is present on the surface of the rough endoplasmic reticulum?

a) Ribosomes

b) Peroxisomes

c) Lysosomes

d) Endosomes

Answer: a

97. Endoplasmic reticulum without ribosomes is called ______

a) rough endoplasmic reticulum

b) smooth endoplasmic reticulum

c) non – ribosomal endoplasmic reticulum

d) nuclear endoplasmic reticulum

Answer: b

98. Which of these cell organelles is involved in protein synthesis?

a) Lysosome

b) Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

c) Rough endoplasmic reticulum

d) Peroxisome

Answer: c

99. Which of these statements is not true regarding rough endoplasmic reticulum?

a) The inner compartment is called the tubular compartment

b) It is involved in protein synthesis

c) Ribosomes are attached to its outer surface

d) Its membrane is continuous with the outer membrane of the nucleus

Answer: a

100. What is the site of production of lipid-like steroidal hormones in animal cells?

a) Mitochondria

b) Nucleus

c) Peroxisomes

d) Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Answer: d

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