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Biomolecules NEET Questions and Answers

1. Formation of complex substances from simpler compounds is called _______

a) Anabolic pathway

b) Catabolic pathway

c) Degradation pathway

d) Metabolic pathway

Answer: a

2. Those metabolites that are formed during growth phase as a result of energy metabolism are called as ________

a) Primary metabolites

b) Secondary metabolites

c) Tertiary metabolites

d) Quaternary metabolites

Answer: a

3. Which among the following is incorrect about carbohydrates?

a) Carbohydrates derive its name from the hydrates of carbon

b) The general formula of all carbohydrates is Cx(H20)y

c) Carbohydrates are defined as optically active polyhydroxy aldehydes or ketones or the compounds that produce such units on hydrolysis

d) Glyceraldehyde is the smallest carbohydrate

Answer: b

4. Which among the following is incorrect about different saccharides?

a) Polysaccharides are used to store food whereas most of the monosaccharides are used for instantaneous energy

b) Most of the polysaccharides are sweet in taste and therefore are also called sugars

c) Starch can be digested whereas cellulose can’t be digested

d) Saccharides are also classified as ketose and aldose

Answer: b

5. Which among the following is incorrect about fructose and glucose?

a) Fructose is also called as pyranose and it’s a ketose sugar

b) Glucose and fructose can be obtained by hydrolysis of sucrose

c) Both fructose and glucose have the same molecular formula

d) Both of them taste sweet

Answer: a

6. Polysaccharides are formed by _______

a) Glycosidic linkages

b) Peptide linkage

c) Phospho-diester linkage

d) Vanderwaal forces

Answer: a

7. Sucrose is also called as ____

a) Invert sugar

b) Dextrose

c) Laevose

d) Milk sugar

Answer: a

8. Which among the following is incorrect about polysaccharides?

a) Cellulose can’t be digested by mammals unless they contain microbes that digest cellulose in their gut

b) Polysaccharides mainly act as the food storage or structural materials

c) Starch comprises of two forms, namely, amylose (water insoluble) and amylopectin (water soluble)

d) Amylopectin has α-1, 4-linkage and 1, 6-glycosidic linkage

Answer: c

9. Primary storage of food in animals is through _______

a) Fats

b) Glucose

c) Glycogen

d) Galactose

Answer: a

10. Which among the following is incorrect about amino acids?

a) Amino acids are those that contain an amine group and a carboxylic group

b) Base on the position of amino group with respect to the carboxylic group, amino groups are classified as α-, β-, γ-, δ- amino acids

c) Proteins on hydrolysis produce α-, β-, γ-, δ- amino acids

d) Amino acids are usually represented by a three letter symbol or a one letter convention

Answer: c

11. Which among the following is incorrect about amino acids?

a) There are 20 naturally occurring amino acids

b) All the amino acids are chiral

c) Amino acids are classified as acidic, basic or neutral based on the relative number of amino and carboxylic groups

d) Amino acids are classified as essential amino acids and non-essential based on whether they are synthesized in the body or not

Answer: b

12. Zwitter ion in aqueous solution is __________

a) Amphoteric

b) Acidic

c) Basic

d) Anomalous

Answer: d

13. Proteins are polymers of amino acids that are connected by __________

a) Peptide linkage

b) Glycosidic linkage

c) Phosphodiester linkage

d) Vanderwaal linkages

Answer: a

14. Which among the following statements is incorrect about classification of protein?

a) Fibrous proteins result when long peptide chains run parallel and are held by hydrogen and sulphide linkages

b) Globular structures result when chain of polypeptide coil around themselves to form a globe like structure

c) Linear structure of amino acids in a polypeptide is called primary structure

d) Collagen is an example of globular protein

Answer: d

15. Tertiary structure of protein is formed by __________

a) Sulphide linkages between different amino acids

b) Multiple chains of polypeptides held together by hydrogen bonds

c) Peptide linkages between two amino acids

d) Hydrogen bond formed by helical or pleated structure

Answer: a

16. Which among the following is incorrect about denaturation?

a) Proteins have a unique structure which might get disrupted with change in pH and temperature

b) Secondary, tertiary and quaternary structure is lost

c) Proteins still retain their characteristics as they don’t lose their primary structure

d) Proteins are stereospecific to many enzymes

Answer: c

17. Which among the following is incorrect about enzymes?

a) Enzymes are proteins or non-proteins that act as bio-catalysts

b) Holoenzymes comprise of a prosthetic group and an apoenzyme

c) Prosthetic group can be either co-factors or co-enzymes

d) Cutting a potato leads to the breakage of bonds in the enzymes present in it

Answer: d

18. Which among the following is incorrect about enzymes?

a) Pepsin helps in breaking of proteins

b) Lipase breaks lipids

c) Amylase breaks vitamins

d) Enzymes have a three dimensional structure and this structure has active sites

Answer: c

19. Which among the following is incorrect about amino acids?

a) Enzymes are named after compounds/ class on which they act and their names end with “-ase”

b) Oxidoreductase reduces few substrates whereas oxidizes few other substrates

c) Enzyme kinetics is governed by Michael-Menden equation

d) Enzymes take part in the reaction and increase the rate of reaction

Answer: d

20. Which among the following does not affect the activity of the enzyme after a particular point?

a) Temperature

b) PH

c) Concentration of substrates

d) Competitive inhibitor

Answer: d

21. Enzymes that link covalent bond between substrates to form a large molecule are called _______

a) Isomerases

b) Lyases

c) Ligases

d) Transferases

Answer: a

22. Which among the following nucleotide is not present in DNA?

a) Adenine

b) Thymine

c) Cytosine

d) Uracil

Answer: d

23. Which among the following is incorrect about RNA?

a) RNA is always less stable than DNA because of the two –OH on 1’ and 2’ carbons of oxy ribose

b) RNA has uracil whereas DNA has thymine

c) RNA is single stranded whereas DNA is double-stranded

d) RNA on hydrolysis gives ribose sugar

Answer: a

24. Which among the following is incorrect about RNA?

a) RNA is of 3 types i.e. r-RNA, m-RNA and t-RNA

b) m-RNA carries the code for protein synthesis in terms of three nucleotide bases called codons

c) Each codon will represent a unique amino acid and an amino acid is represented by a unique codon

d) r-RNA synthesis the proteins and t-RNA will recognize the codons

Answer: c

25. Which among the following is incorrect about lipids?

a) These are heterogeneous organic compounds comprising of C, H and O

b) These are water insoluble and release more energy as compared to carbohydrates

c) These also act as water barrier and messenger and are constituents of plant

d) Phospholipids are an example of simple fatty acids

Answer: d

26. What chemical is used to grind tissues for chemical analysis?

a) Formaldehyde

b) Methanol

c) Hydrofluoric acid

d) Trichloroacetic acid

Answer: d

27. What is the nature of the filtrate after grinding tissue?

a) Basic

b) Acid-insoluble

c) Acid-soluble

d) Acidic

Answer: c

28. What is the acid-insoluble fraction of grinded tissue known as?

a) Extract

b) Filtrate

c) Retentate

d) Supernatant

Answer: c

29. How can we get a theoretical idea about the molecular formula of a compound?

a) Analytical techniques

b) Chemical treatment

c) Biological treatment

d) Combustion

Answer: a

30. Which of these cannot be determined by analytical techniques?

a) Probable structure

b) Chemical properties

c) Conformation

d) Molecular formula

Answer: b

31. What percentage of the Earth’s crust is Sulphur?

a) 0.14

b) 46.6

c) 0.03

d) 2.8

Answer: c

32. Which of these elements is negligible in the human body?

a) Silicon

b) Magnesium

c) Sodium

d) Sulphur

Answer: a

33. Which of these components have the least percentage by weight in the Earth’s crust?

a) Oxygen

b) Sodium

c) Magnesium

d) Nitrogen

Answer: d

34. What is done to obtain the inorganic substances from tissue?

a) Acidification

b) Evaporation

c) Complete combustion

d) Dilution

Answer: c

35. Which of these are not present in every amino acid?

a) Amino group

b) Acidic group

c) α-carbon

d) Sulphur

Answer: d

36. An amino acid is a substituted ______

a) carboxylic acid

b) alcohol

c) methane

d) aldehyde

Answer: c

37. How many amino acids are present in the body?

a) 10

b) 15

c) 21

d) 20

Answer: c

38. Which of these amino acids do not possess a chiral carbon?

a) Glycine

b) Alanine

c) Valine

d) Leucine

Answer: a

39. What is the simplest amino acid?

a) Valine

b) Glycine

c) Methionine

d) Alanine

Answer: b

40. Which amino acid has a methyl group as R?

a) Serine

b) Glycine

c) Valine

d) Alanine

Answer: d

41. Which amino acid has a hydroxy methyl group as R?

a) Tryptophan

b) Lysine

c) Serine

d) Leucine

Answer: c

42. Which of these is an amino acid with pH less than 7?

a) Valine

b) Lysine

c) Glutamic acid

d) Histidine

Answer: c

43. Which of these is a neutral amino acid?

a) Valine

b) Histidine

c) Lysine

d) Aspartic acid

Answer: a

44. Which of these amino acids is not aromatic?

a) Tyrosine

b) Methionine

c) Tryptophan

d) Phenylalanine

Answer: b

45. Which of these statements is not true regarding amino acids?

a) The amino group is ionizable

b) The acidic group is ionizable

c) Structure remains same at different pH

d) Glycine is the simplest amino acid

Answer: c

46. How many carbon atoms does palmitic acid contain?

a) 16

b) 14

c) 18

d) 12

Answer: a

47. How many carbon atoms does arachidonic acid contain?

a) 16

b) 12

c) 18

d) 20

Answer: d

48. Glycerol is also known as ______

a) dihydroxy butane

b) methyl butanol

c) trihydroxy propane

d) 3 propanol

Answer: c

49. Which of these makes up the cell membrane?

a) Peptidoglycans

b) Polysaccharides

c) Glycoproteins

d) Phospholipids

Answer: d

50. Which nitrogenous base is not found in RNA?

a) Guanine

b) Adenine

c) Thymine

d) Cytosine

Answer: c

51. A nucleoside consists of _____

a) sugar, phosphate

b) base, phosphate

c) base, sugar

d) base, sugar, phosphate

Answer: c

52. Which of the following acids is used for the chemical analysis of living tissues?

a) Trichloroacetic acid

b) Trifluoroacetic acid

c) Tribromoacetic acid

d) Triiodoacetic acid

Answer: a

53. What are biomolecules?

a) Molecules of quantum mechanics

b) Molecules of Life

c) Molecules related to string theory

d) It is a molecule

Answer: b

54. What is the percentage weight of carbon in the earth’s crust?

a) 0.01

b) 0.3

c) 0.03

d) 0.14

Answer: c

55. What is the use of elemental analysis?

a) To add those nutrients in food

b) To find the elemental composition of living tissues

c) To gain confidence

d) To research the unknown

Answer: b

56. Why do we use dry weights for the chemical analysis?

a) Because it is vulnerable

b) Because of water leaks everywhere

c) Because water is not absorbed by chemicals

d) Because different organisms have different water-absorbing capacities

Answer: d

57. What is the other name of α-amino acids?

a) Substituted methanes

b) Substituted alcohols

c) Substituted alkyl halides

d) Substituted carboxylic acids

Answer: a

58. Based on which of the following there are different kinds of amino acids?

a) Nature of R group

b) Nature of amino group

c) Nature of carboxyl group

d) Nature of hydrogen

Answer: a

59. Which of the following is a basic amino acid?

a) Tryptophan

b) Tyrosine

c) Lysine

d) Glutamic acid

Answer: c

60. How many carbon atoms are there in palmitic acid?

a) 16

b) 18

c) 20

d) 22

Answer: a

61. Which of the following is not a nucleotide?

a) Adenylic acid

b) Thymidylic acid

c) Guanylic acid

d) Cytidine

Answer: d

62. Which of these is a secondary metabolite?

a) Proteins

b) Lipids

c) Vitamins

d) Steroids

Answer: d

63. Which of these statements is false regarding primary metabolites?

a) They have identifiable functions

b) They play a role in normal physiological processes

c) Secondary metabolites are derived from primary metabolites

d) Lipids are primary metabolites

Answer: c

64. Which of these is a pigment?

a) Codeine

b) Ricin

c) Carotenoid

d) Curcumin

Answer: c

65. What are anthocyanins?

a) Pigment

b) Alkaloid

c) Drug

d) Toxin

Answer: a

66. Which of these is an alkaloid?

a) Abrin

b) Morphine

c) Ricin

d) Anthocyanin

Answer: b

67. Codeine is a(n) _____

a) Lipid

b) Toxin

c) Alkaloid

d) Pigment

Answer: c

68. Which of these is a secondary metabolite?

a) Monoterpenes

b) Triacylglycerols

c) Keratin

d) Myosin

Answer: a

69. Which of these is a primary metabolite?

a) Diterpene

b) Codeine

c) Anthocyanin

d) Triacylglycerol

Answer: d

70. What is abrin?

a) Alkaloid

b) Pigment

c) Toxin

d) Drug

Answer: c

71. Which of these proteins is a secondary metabolite?

a) Myosin

b) Keratin

c) Elastin

d) Ricin

Answer: d

72. Which of these is a lectin?

a) Codeine

b) Monoterpene

c) Concanavalin A

d) Anthocyanin

Answer: c

73. Vinblastine is a _____

a) Terpenoid

b) Pigment

c) Drug

d) Essential oil

Answer: c

74. Which of these secondary metabolites is useful for human welfare?

a) Curcumin

b) Abrin

c) Ricin

d) Gums

Answer: a

75. Which of these is not a primary metabolite?

a) Starch

b) Gum

c) Keratin

d) Myosin

Answer: b

76. Based on which of the following, amino acids are classified?

a) Based on the number of hydrogen

b) Based on the number of carbon atoms

c) Based on the number of ions

d) Based on the number of amino and carboxyl groups

Answer: d

77. Which of the following is a peculiar property of amino acids?

a) Basic nature

b) Acidic nature

c) Ionisable nature

d) Neutral nature

Answer: c

78. How many fractions do we obtain while straining a thick slurry of living tissue through the cheesecloth?

a) One

b) Two

c) Three

d) Four

Answer: b

79. What are the primary metabolites?

a) Compounds formed in every kind of cells

b) Compounds present in only plants

c) Compounds formed only in animals

d) Compounds formed only by fungus

Answer: a

80. What are the secondary metabolites?

a) Compounds formed in all kinds of cells

b) Compounds formed only in plants

c) Compounds formed only in animals

d) By-products of the cell

Answer: d

81. Which of the following cells are not responsible for the formation of secondary metabolites?

a) Plant cells

b) Fungal cells

c) Animal cells

d) Bacterial cells

Answer: c

82. Which of the following is not a secondary metabolite?

a) Amino acids

b) Gum

c) Perfume

d) Spices

Answer: a

83. Which of the following is not a polymeric substance?

a) Rubber

b) Gum

c) Cellulose

d) Morphine

Answer: d

84. Which of the following is an essential oil?

a) Monoterpene

b) Lemongrass oil

c) Vinblastin

d) Abrin

Answer: b

85. Mitochondria are rich in which of the following ions?

a) Manganese

b) Molybdenum

c) Copper

d) Nitrogen

Answer: a

86. Which of the following is the most abundant element in the cell?

a) Oxygen

b) Iron

c) Magnesium

d) Copper

Answer: a

87. Which of the following is incorrect regarding sodium and potassium ions?

a) Responsible for maintenance of extracellular and intracellular fluids

b) Responsible for transmission of electrical impulses

c) Responsible for the maintenance of membrane potential

d) Responsible for nitrogen fixation in animals

Answer: d

88. What is the unit of measurement of weight of biomacromolecules?

a) Nanometer

b) Farad

c) Angstrom

d) Dalton

Answer: d

89. What is the approximate weight of compounds found in acid soluble pool of grinded tissue?

a) 1,000 – 10,000 Da

b) 2 – 30 Da

c) 18 – 800 Da

d) 6,000 – 50,000 Da

Answer: c

90. Which of these compounds is not present in the acid insoluble fraction of homogenized tissue?

a) Proteins

b) Fats

c) Vitamins

d) Nucleic acids

Answer: c

91. Which of these compounds do not have a molecular weight greater than 10,000 Da?

a) Lipids

b) Proteins

c) Polysaccharides

d) Nucleic acids

Answer: a

92. Micro-molecules of the tissue are also known as ______

a) bio compounds

b) biomolecules

c) biomacromolecules

d) nanoparticles

Answer: b

93. What is the maximum weight of biomolecules?

a) 800 Da

b) 10,000 Da

c) 1000 Da

d) 5000 Da

Answer: c

94. Which of these substances is not polymeric?

a) Lipids

b) Nucleic acids

c) Proteins

d) Polysaccharides

Answer: a

95. The molecular weight of lipids does not exceed _____

a) 5000 Da

b) 1000 Da

c) 10,000 Da

d) 800 Da

Answer: d

96. When tissue is homogenized, the disrupted cell membrane separates in the form of _____

a) solid aggregates

b) lipoprotein complexes

c) vesicles

d) lipopolysaccharides

Answer: c

97. What percentage of the total cellular mass is water?

a) 5 – 7

b) 50 – 60

c) 10 – 15

d) 70 – 90

Answer: d

98. What percentage of the total cellular mass is nucleic acids?

a) 1 – 2

b) 50 – 60

c) 5 – 7

d) 20 – 30

Answer: c

99. 10 – 15% of the total cellular mass is ______

a) nucleic acids

b) water

c) proteins

d) carbohydrates

Answer: c

100. What percentage of the total cellular mass is carbohydrates?

a) 3

b) 2

c) 1

d) 10

Answer: a

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