In this post, Structural Organisation In Animals NEET Questions and Answers, we are going to discuss some most important multiple choice questions on NCERT Class-11 Biology Chapter-7, Structural Organisation In Animals. These MCQs on Structural Organisation In Animals are most valuable for your upcoming NEET, AIIMS, JIPMER as well as Board exams.
Structural Organisation In Animals NEET Questions and Answers
1. Which of the following is a common Indian earthworm?
a) Pheretima
b) Periplaneta
c) Blatta
d) Hirudina
Answer: a
Explanation: The common Indian earthworms are Pheretima and Lumbricus. The earthworm is a reddish-brown terrestrial invertebrate that inhabits the upper layer of moist soil.
2. How can we trace earthworms?
a) Colour
b) Smell
c) Predator
d) Worm castings
Answer: d
Explanation: During day time, earthworms live in burrows made by burrowing and swallowing the soil. In the gardens, they can be traced by their faecal deposits known as worm castings.
3. How can we distinguish the ventral surface of the earthworm by their dorsal surface?
a) Presence of setae
b) Presence of hair
c) Presence of genital pores
d) Presence of oil glands
Answer: c
Explanation: The ventral surface of the body of the earthworm can be distinguished by the dorsal surface by the presence of genital openings or pores. The genital openings in the earthworm help in cross-fertilization and pores help in the removal of the wastes generated in the body.
4. In how many regions, is the body of earthworm divisible?
a) One
b) Two
c) Three
d) Four
Answer: c
Explanation: The body of the earthworm is divisible into three prominent regions-
i. Preclitellar segment
ii. Clitellar segment
iii. Postclitellar segment.
5. How many spermathecal apertures are present in an earthworm?
a) Two
b) Four
c) Six
d) Eight
Answer: d
Explanation: Four pairs or eight spermathecal apertures are situated on the ventrolateral sides of the intersegmental grooves, i.e., 5-9 segments. A single female genital pore is present in the mid-ventral line of the 14th segment.
6. In which of the following segments, setae are present?
a) First segment
b) Second segment
c) Clitellar segments
d) Last segment
Answer: b
Explanation: In each body segment, except the first, last, and clitellum, there are rows of S-shaped setae, embedded in the epidermal pits in the middle of each segment. Setae can be extended or retracted. Their principal role is in locomotion.
7. The body wall of an earthworm is made up of how many muscle layers?
a) One
b) Three
c) Two
d) Five
Answer: c
Explanation: The body wall of the earthworm is covered externally by a thin non–cellular cuticle below which is the epidermis, two muscle layers – circular and longitudinal and an innermost coelomic epithelium.
8. What is the characteristic feature of the intestine of an earthworm?
a) Setae
b) Clitellum
c) Glans
d) Typhlosole
Answer: d
Explanation: The characteristic feature of the intestine of an earthworm is the presence of an internal median fold of the dorsal wall called typhlosole. Typhlosole helps in increasing the effective area of absorption for food and minerals. These structures are present after the 26th segment except for the last 23rd-25th segments.
9. In which of the following segments are the blood glands of an earthworm present?
a) 2, 3 and 4
b) 3, 4 and 5
c) 4, 5 and 6
d) 5, 6 and 7
Answer: c
Explanation: In earthworms, blood glands are present on the 4th, 5th, and 6th segments. They produce blood cells and hemoglobin which is directly dissolved in blood plasma as their blood does not have any respiratory pigment.
10. How many types of nephridia are present in the earthworm?
a) One
b) Two
c) Three
d) Four
Answer: c
Explanation: The excretory organs of earthworm occurs as segmentally arranged coiled tubules called nephridia. They are of three types –
i. Septal nephridia
ii. Integumentary nephridia
iii. Pharyngeal nephridia.
11. Which of the following structures represent the nervous system of an earthworm?
a) Ganglia
b) Notochord
c) Vertebral column
d) Brain
Answer: a
Explanation: Nervous system of the earthworm is represented by ganglia arranged segment-wise on the ventral paired nerve cord. The nerve cord on the anterior region bifurcates, laterally encircling the pharynx and joins the cerebral ganglia dorsally to form a nerve ring.
12. What type of fertilization is exhibited by an earthworm?
a) Internal and cross-fertilization
b) External and cross-fertilization
c) Internal and self-fertilization
d) External and self-fertilization
Answer: b
Explanation: The type of fertilization exhibited by earthworm is External and cross-fertilization. Fertilisation and development occur within the cocoons which are deposited in the soil. Development of earthworms is direct, i.e., there is no larva formation.
13. What are earthworms commonly called as?
a) Friends of farmers
b) Souls of farmers
c) Enemies of farmers
d) Gods for the farmers
Answer: a
Explanation: Earthworms are commonly called friends of farmers because they make burrows in the soil and make it porous which helps in respiration and penetration of the developing plant roots. The process of increasing fertility of the soil by the earthworms is called vermicomposting.
14. Which of the following functions is not performed by unicellular organisms?
a) Digestion
b) Respiration
c) Reproduction
d) Neural coordination
Answer: d
Explanation: Neural coordination is not performed by unicellular organisms because neural coordination requires a complex set of cells and tissues to carry out the process which is not present in a single cell. It is coordination between different cells of the neural tissue.
15. The human body is composed of how many cells?
a) Billions
b) Millions
c) Thousands
d) Quadrillion
Answer: a
Explanation: The human body is composed of billions of cells to perform various functions. These cells aggregate to form tissues which in turn aggregate to form organs. Many organs coordinate with each other to form the organ system.
16. What is meant by a tissue?
a) Group of cells of similar origin
b) Group of cells of dissimilar origin
c) Group of similar or dissimilar cells
d) Group of unrelated cells
Answer: c
Explanation: The group of similar or dissimilar cells that have a common origin and perform a similar function is called tissue. These tissues are organised in specific proportion and pattern to form an organ like stomach, lung, heart and kidney.
17. The structure of the cell varies according to which of the following?
a) Shape
b) Size
c) Life
d) Function
Answer: d
Explanation: The structure of the cells varies according to their function. Therefore, the tissues are different and are broadly classified into four types –
i. Epithelial tissue
ii. Connective tissue
iii. Muscular tissue
iv. Neural tissue.
18. Which of the following tissues has the most regenerative power?
a) Epithelial tissue
b) Connective tissue
c) Muscular tissue
d) Neural tissue
Answer: a
Explanation: Epithelial tissue has the most regenerative power while neural tissue has the least regenerative power. We commonly refer to an epithelial tissue as epithelium.
19. Which of the following tissues is derived from all the three germinal layers?
a) Connective tissue
b) Epithelial tissue
c) Muscular tissue
d) Neural tissue
Answer: b
Explanation: Epithelial tissue is derived from Ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm. Connective and Muscular tissues are derived from mesoderm. Nervous or neural tissue is derived from ectoderm.
20. Which of the following functions is not performed by epithelial tissue?
a) Protection
b) Secretion
c) Absorption
d) Conduction
Answer: d
Explanation: Epithelial tissue performs the function of protection, secretion, absorption, excretion and diffusion. Conduction of stimulus is the function of neural tissue.
21. Which of the following statements is incorrect regarding epithelial tissue?
a) It does not have a free surface
b) Provides a covering for some part of the body
c) Cells are compactly packed
d) It is of two types
Answer: a
Explanation: Epithelial tissue has a free surface, which faces either a body fluid or the outside environment and thus provides a covering or a lining for some part of the body. The cells of this tissue are compactly packed with a little intercellular matrix. There are two types of epithelial tissues namely simple epithelium and compound epithelium.
22. Which of the following is not a type of simple epithelial tissue?
a) Squamous epithelium
b) Cuboidal epithelium
c) Columnar epithelium
d) Compound epithelium
Answer: d
Explanation: Based on structural modification of the cells, simple epithelium is further divided into three types. These are:
i. Squamous epithelium
ii. Cuboidal epithelium
iii. Columnar epithelium.
23. In which of the following places, the squamous epithelium is not found?
a) Wall of blood vessels
b) Air sacs of lungs
c) Trachea
d) Bowman’s capsule
Answer: c
Explanation: Squamous epithelium is made of a single thin layer of flattened cells with irregular boundaries. They are found in the walls of blood vessels, lymph vessels, air sacs of lung alveoli, Bowman’s capsule and Henle’s loop.
24. In which of the following places, the cuboidal epithelium is not found?
a) Ducts of glands
b) Tubular parts of the nephron
c) Germinal epithelium of gonads
d) Vasa deferens
Answer: d
Explanation: The cuboidal epithelium is commonly found in the ducts of glands, tubular part of nephrons like DCT, collecting tubule and collecting duct. It is also found in the germinal epithelium of gonads.
25. Where is brush bordered cuboidal epithelium found?
a) DCT
b) PCT
c) Collecting duct
d) Collecting tubule
Answer: b
Explanation: Brush bordered cuboidal epithelium is found in Proximal Convoluted Tubule. It is responsible for 70% reabsorption of glomerular filtrate. This epithelium has microvilli.
26. What are cuboidal or columnar cells called when they bear cilia?
a) Ciliated epithelium
b) Flagellated epithelium
c) Convoluted epithelium
d) Brush bordered epithelium
Answer: a
Explanation: If the columnar or cuboidal cells bear cilia on their free surface they are called the ciliated epithelium. Their function is to move particles or mucus in a specific direction over the epithelium.
27. The classification of glands is based on which of the following?
a) Mode of differentiation
b) Mode of pouring of secretions
c) Mode of cellular division
d) Number of cells
Answer: b
Explanation: Glands are of mainly two types- exocrine and endocrine glands. These glands are divided on the basis of mode of pouring of their secretions. For example, if secretions are poured through the ducts then these are called exocrine glands and if secretions are poured directly into the blood then they are called endocrine glands.
28. Which of the following is not a secretion of exocrine glands?
a) Mucus
b) Saliva
c) Hormones
d) Ear wax
Answer: c
Explanation: Exocrine gland secretes mucus, saliva, earwax, oil, milk, digestive enzymes and other cell products. Their products are released through ducts or tubes. In contrast, endocrine glands do not have ducts. Their products are called hormones and are secreted directly into the fluid bathing the gland.
29. Which of the following is an incorrect statement regarding compound epithelium?
a) The main function is secretion and absorption
b) Cover dry surface of the skin
c) Made of more than one layer of cells
d) Cover moist surface of the buccal cavity
Answer: a
Explanation: Compound epithelium is made up of more than one layer of cells and thus has a limited role in secretion and absorption. Their main function is to protect against chemical and mechanical stresses. They cover the dry surface of the skin and also the moist surface of the buccal cavity.
30. Which of the following junctions help to stop substances from leaking against a tissue?
a) Adhering junctions
b) Gap junctions
c) Tight junctions
d) Loose junctions
Answer: c
Explanation: In nearly all the animal tissues, specialised junctions provide both structural and functional links between its cells. Tight junctions help to stop substances from leaking across a tissue.
31. Which of the following is the most abundant and widely distributed tissue in the human body?
a) Muscular tissue
b) Connective tissue
c) Epithelial tissue
d) Neural tissue
Answer: b
Explanation: Connective tissues are the most abundant and widely distributed tissues in the body of complex animals. They are named connective tissues because of their special function of linking and supporting other tissues or organs of the body.
32. Which of the following is not a type of connective tissue?
a) Loose
b) Dense
c) Specialised
d) Smooth
Answer: d
Explanation: Connective tissues are classified into three types-
i. Loose connective tissue
ii. Dense connective tissue
iii. Specialised connective tissue
In all the connective tissues except blood, the cells secret fibres of structural proteins called collagen or elastin.
33. Which of the following is not a function of fibres of connective tissue?
a) Strength
b) Elasticity
c) Flexibility
d) Longevity
Answer: d
Explanation: The fibers of connective tissue provide strength, elasticity, and flexibility to the tissue. These cells also secrete modified polysaccharides, which accumulate between cells and fibers and act as a matrix.
34. Earthworm is a(n) ______
a) terrestrial vertebrate
b) aquatic vertebrate
c) aquatic invertebrate
d) terrestrial invertebrat
Answer: d
Explanation: Earthworm is a long cylindrical worm belonging to class Annelida. It does not have a backbone and hence it is an invertebrate. It is terrestrial and inhabits the upper layers of the soil.
35. Which of the following statements about earthworms is true?
a) They are vertebrates
b) They do not live in burrows
c) They can be traced by fecal deposits
d) They inhabit the lower layers of the soil
Answer: c
Explanation: Earthworms can be traced by fecal deposits or worm castings. They are invertebrates as they lack a backbone and a bony skeleton. They live in burrows in the upper layers of the soil.
36. What are the common Indian earthworms?
a) Lacertilia, Pheretima
b) Periplaneta, Lumbricus
c) Pheretima, Lumbricus
d) Periplaneta, Pheretima
Answer: c
Explanation: Pheretima and Lumbricus are the common Indian earthworms. It is a terrestrial invertebrate with a long cylindrical body. Periplaneta is a genus of the cockroach family, while Lacertilia is the genus of the lizard family.
37. What is the median mid dorsal line present along the length of an earthworm?
a) Dorsal blood vessel
b) Dorsal root ganglion
c) Prostomium
d) Clitellum
Answer: a
Explanation: The dorsal blood vessel is present along the length of the earthworm’s body. It is seen as a dark median line. Prostomium covers the mouth while clitellum is a band of glandular tissue covering the 14th to 16th segments.
38. Which of the following statements is true about prostomium?
a) It is present in the posterior end of the earthworm
b) It acts as a wedge to open cracks in the soil
c) It is the mouth of the earthworm
d) It does not have a sensory function
Answer: b
Explanation: The prostomium is located in the anterior end of the earthworm. It is a covering of the mouth and has a sensory function. It also acts as a wedge to open cracks in the soil. It is the first segment of the body of the earthworm.
39. The first body segment of the earthworm is the _____
a) male genital aperture
b) female genital aperture
c) peristomium
d) clitellum
Answer: c
Explanation: The peristomium or buccal segment is the first body segment of the earthworm. It is the mouth part. The genital apertures and clitellum are located towards the middle of the body of the earthworm.
40. Clitellum is a ______
a) glandular tissue
b) muscular tissue
c) neural tissue
d) connective tissue
Answer: a
Explanation: Clitellum is glandular tissue. It appears as a prominent dark band. The clitellum covers the 14th to 16th segment of the body of the mature earthworm. This glandular tissue contains secretory cells.
41. What is present on the 5th to 9th segments of the earthworm’s body?
a) Clitellum
b) Peristomium
c) Female genital pore
d) Spermathecal apertures
Answer: d
Explanation: On the sides of the intersegmental grooves of the 5th to 9th segment, spermathecal apertures are present. They are eight in number. The peristomium is the first segment while the clitellum is the glandular tissue covering the 14th to 16th segment.
42. Where is the female genital pore present in earthworm?
a) 16th segment
b) 18th segment
c) 14th segment
d) 9th segment
Answer: c
Explanation: The female genital pore of the earthworm is present in the midventral line of the 14th segment. It is a single pore. The male genital pores are two in number. It is present in the 18th segment. Earthworms are hermaphrodites.
43. Where are the male genital pores present in earthworm?
a) 16th segment
b) 18th segment
c) 14th segment
d) 9th segment
Answer: b
Explanation: The male genital pores of the earthworm are present on the ventral lateral sides of the 18th segment. They are two in number. The earthworm also contains a female genital pore as it is a hermaphrodite.
44. What is the main role of setae in earthworm?
a) Storage of food
b) Respiration
c) Reproduction
d) Locomotion
Answer: d
Explanation: The principal role of setae in earthworms is locomotion. It is present in everybody segment except the first, the last, and the clitellum. Reproduction is carried out by the female and male genital pores present in other segments.
45. What are the pores present on the surface of the body of the earthworm called?
a) Polypore
b) Exospore
c) Nephridiopore
d) Zoospore
Answer: c
Explanation: Nephridiopore is present on the surface of the earthworm’s body. They are numerous in number. They are minute in size. Polypore, exospore, and zoospore are not associated with earthworms but with fungi.
46. The epidermal pits in the middle of each segment of the earthworm contains _____
a) setae
b) clitellum
c) nephridiopores
d) typhlosole
Answer: a
Explanation: The location of setae is mid–segmental in the epidermal pits. They are S-shaped and present in rows. The main function of the setae is to help with locomotion. They are extendable and retractable.
47. Which of the following statements is true about setae present in earthworm?
a) They are used for reproduction
b) They are retractable
c) They are L – shaped
d) They cannot be extended
Answer: b
Explanation: Setae are both extendable and retractable. They are S-shaped and present in the epidermal pits in the mid–segmental region of every segment. The principal function of the setae is locomotion.
48. To which class and phylum does Periplaneta belong?
a) Class – Insecta; Phylum – Annelida
b) Class – Reptilia; Phylum – Arthropoda
c) Class – Amphibians; Phylum – Annelida
d) Class – Insecta; Phylum – Arthropoda
Answer: d
Explanation: Periplaneta is the scientific name for cockroaches. Cockroach belongs to class Insecta and phylum Arthropoda. They are mostly brown or black in color. They are nocturnal omnivores and are commonly found in damp places.
49. Cockroach is a(n) _______
a) herbivore
b) carnivore
c) omnivore
d) scavenger
Answer: c
Explanation: Cockroaches feed on a variety of food that is of both plant and animal origin. Hence, they are omnivores. They mostly live in damp places and are nocturnal. This means they are mostly active during the night.
50. Which of the following statements is false about cockroaches?
a) They are nocturnal
b) They belong to the phylum Arthropoda
c) They are scavengers
d) They are vectors of diseases
Answer: c
Explanation: Cockroaches are not scavengers. They are omnivores. This means that they feed on the material of both plant and animal origin. They are nocturnal arthropods and carry pathogens of several diseases.